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Tomcat 9 Software Downloads
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I've no energy to maintain this project myself.Help is very welcome.
Sync Mail Dir (smd
) is a set of tools to synchronize a pair of mailboxesin Maildir format. It is Free Software, released under the terms of GPLv3,Copyright © 2008-2018 Enrico Tassi.
It differs from other solutions in terms of performances and lowerinstallation requirements. The widespread solution IMAP-server plusOfflineIMAPrequires an IMAP server to be installed. AlternativelyMaildirsync requires no IMAP server,just ssh, but it used to load my laptop CPU too much and it seems itsdevelopment stopped in 2004. Other general purpose tools like rsync orunison may work too, but not benefit from the fact that they aresynchronizing mail messages. Sync Mail Dir is similar to Maildirsync in itsdesign and requirements, but is more efficient, having its mechanismswritten in C (around 900 lines), while policies are written in scriptinglanguages like Lua and shell script (other 1300 lines).
Overview
Sync Mail Dir uses ssh
to transmit and receive data, and to run commandson the remote host (but in principle it could use any bi-directionalchannel, like nc
for example).
Sync Mail Dir needs to be installed on both hosts: we call server the hostwe push to and pull from, we call client the host we push from and pull to.In the most common scenario, the server is our mail server, while theclient is our laptop.
The directory ~/.smd/
contains the configuration file(s), some fifo
neededto short-circuit the software running on the client and on the server, anda cache file (called db-file from now on) that represents the status of themailbox last time we successfully pushed. The configuration file is neededonly on the client host (the one that will run smd-pull
and smd-push
).
Sync Mail Dir is a layered set of tools, where low level tools areimplemented in low level languages (to achieve decent performances) andhigh level tools are written in scripting languages (to achieve betterflexibility).
mddiff
is a small and hopefully efficient C program that given adb-file (a snapshot of a previous mailbox status) generates a set ofactions (a diff) a client should perform to synchronize its local mailboxcopy. It is a low level tool, not meant to be used directly by the user.smd-server
a simple script that callsmddiff
to compute the diff,sends it to the client and then listens for client requests like getting amail body or header. Even if this tool is simple to run, redirecting itsinput and output tosmd-client
over a network may not be straightforward,thus users should not call it directly.smd-client
a quite complex script applying a diff locally, eventuallyrequesting data to the server. In case the diff cannot be appliedcleanly, it outputs an error message that higher level tools should displayto the user. Assmd-server
it is a quite high level tool, but should notbe called directly by the average user.smd-pull
thanks to ssh, it executessmd-server
on the server host andsmd-client
on the client host. This allows to pull remote changes andapply them locally. The remote mailbox is left untouched. This tool ismeant to be called by the user.smd-push
thanks to ssh, it executessmd-client
on the server host andsmd-serer
on the client host. This allows to push local changes and toapply them on the remote host. The local mailbox is left untouched. Thistool is meant to be called by the user.smd-translate
handles common folder renaming scenarios. The toolis meant to be used as a translator program in the configuration fileofsmd-pull
andsmd-push
.smd-check-conf
performs a quick check that a setup, especially when it involvessome folders renaming, actually works as expected. This tool is meant tobe manually called by the user to check a given configuration file.smd-restricted-shell
only meant to be used in conjunction with an SSH key and specifically inthe remote OpenSSH's authorized_keys file to restrict the commands allowed.smd-uniform-names
meant to be used before the first synchronization, when the content ofthe local and remote mailboxes is similar, but mails are named differently.This is often the case when migrating from offlineimap, that encodessome metadata in the local file names.smd-loop
runs runs smd-push and smd-pull at regular intervals as definedby the user in a configuration file, in the style of a crontab, butcatches recoverable errors (like a, non recurrent, network problem),bailing out only in cases where human intervention is needed. This isthe utility you may want to run if you are using a textual environment ora graphical one not based on GNOME.smd-applet
is an applet for the GNOME notification area, that runssmd-loop
, eventually notifying the user for critical events and allowinghim to solve them by clicking on buttons instead of running commands fromthe shell.
HOW-TO
Four end-user tools are provided. You need to configure them bottom-up,starting from the simpler ones (smd-pull
and smd-push
), that alreadyallow to synchronize two mailboxes. Anyway it is recommended to usehigher level tools like smd-loop
or smd-applet
.
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smd-push and smd-pull
smd-pull [name]
to obtain the changes made on the remote mailbox appliedlocallysmd-push [name]
vice versa
Both tools read a configuration file in ~/.smd/config.name
, that is a simpleshell script sourced by both when called with argument name
. If no argumentis given, they source ~/.smd/config.default
.This file defines the following variables (see the smd-config
manpage for a complete documentation):
SERVERNAME
is a valid alias for ssh. It should be defined inyour~/.ssh/config
, with compression enabled. For example:CLIENTNAME
a name for your client: the host name concatenated withthe server name should be fine. Note that you can pull and push fromdifferent hosts, and each of them needs a unique CLIENTNAME in itsconfiguration file.MAILBOX
a list of roots to be synchronized. There is no support forname mapping, thus they should be named the same on the remote host.Maildirs will be searched starting from these roots, traversingsubdirectories recursively.DEBUG
can be set to true to log the traffic between client and server
The first time you run smd-pull
or smd-push
a template file will begenerated for you.
The first synchronization can take a while, since all mail messages have to beinspected and their hash recorded in the db-file. While it is not strictlyneeded, you may want to copy a huge mailbox (hundreds of megabytes) to theother endpoint by hand (for example zipping it with a slow but space efficientcompressor like bzip2
and lzma
) to save some bandwidth. smd
is notoptimized for such a (uncommon) situation: it uses regular ssh streamcompression to transfer mails, that can be way less space efficient thanrunning a compression utility over the whole mailbox. Moreover, you shouldnot edit your mailboxes during the first synchronization, since edits mayforce the software to bail out without saving the db-file, and thus makingthe following run as slow as the first one.
To check your setup you can run the smd-check-conf
utility.
The tools smd-push
and smd-push
can be run with the -d
or --dry-run
flag. In this way they will not modify in any way any maildir.Nevertheless it can be very handy to understand which changes smd wouldperform if not told otherwise.
smd-loop
smd-loop
runs smd-push
and smd-pull
at regular intervals as definedby the user in the ~/.smd/loop
configuration file. On errors thatare reported to be transient, its retries a second time before failing.
The first time you run smd-loop
a sample config file is created for you.The configuration file is line oriented. Each line is composed of three spaceseparated fields:
pull-frequency
push-frequency
endpoint-name
Frequencies are expressed in minutes, while endpointname is a valid name for smd-pull
and smd-push
. Linesbeginning with # are considered as comments. The following examplecalls the command smd-pull default
every 3 minutes, and smd-push default
every 10.
smd-applet
smd-applet just runs smd-loop
, notifying the user if errors occur. Itcan be run with --configure
to pop-up its configuration window, thatallows to tune its notification behaviour and to edit the configurationfiles for smd-loop
and smd-push/pull
.
systemd integration
smd-pull
and smd-push
can be configured as user services that getautomatically run under systemd
. The following units are provided:
Those should be installed in ~/.config/systemd/user/
and enabledlike this:
Then you should see progress from those jobs in the journal:
You might need to enable journald
persistence by enabling theStorage
paramter in journald.conf
. This is generally simply amatter of creating the storage directory, with:
Notes on performances
On my core duo 2 laptop equipped with a 5400rpm hard drive and with an hotcache, copying a 150MB mailbox with tar cf - Mail | ssh -C localhost tar xf -
takes 17 seconds. Doing the same with smd-pull
takes 19 seconds.This is clearly an uncommon workload, since you rarely get 150MB of newmails, but it shows the extra work the tool is doing (like computingsha1
sums for every mail, or the client-server protocol overhead) makessmd
not so inefficient. Once the mailbox has been copied, runningsmd-pull
again to check for updates is almost instantaneous.As of September 2011, my mailbox is 1.3G and is on average pulled/pushed inless than 2s using a regular ADSL connection.
restricted remote shell
Version 1.2.3
comes with smd-restricted-shell
to improve security,especially when using password-less SSH keys. This tool takesadvantage of the OpenSSH command= option, which permits to restrictthe command that is allowed to be executed on the remote host when thelogin is performed using a particular SSH key.
Once you have identified in the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the remotehost the SSH key you use together with Sync Mail Dir, prepend the lineas in the following example:
multiple servers
From verion 0.9.4
multiple configuration files are supported. This meansyou can push/pull from/to different remote mailboxes (one at a time). Thisturned out to be useful when migrating a mailbox:
Note that you can run this for a while, not just one time. This can make thetransition from a mail-address to another smooth, since simply forwarding mailfrom the old to the new one makes you believe you changed the subscription toall your mailing lists, that is obviously not always the case since nobodyremembers all the mailing lists he is subscribed to.
hooks
From version 0.9.14, smd-push
and smd-pull
can run user definedhooks before and after doing their job. Hooks are regular programs (usuallyshell scripts) placed in the following directories:
~/.smd/hooks/pre-push.d/
~/.smd/hooks/pre-pull.d/
~/.smd/hooks/post-push.d/
~/.smd/hooks/post-pull.d/
Hooks receive four arguments in the following order:
- when:
pre
orpost
- what:
push
orpull
- endpoint: the endpoint name, usually
default
- status: the current status,
0
for OK,1
for error.pre-hooks always receive0
, post hooks receive the valuesmd-push/pull
will return after the hooks terminate
Hooks should not fail, if they do so then smd-push/pull
will fail too.Sample hooks are available in the source tarball under sample-hooks/
.Some documentation about available hooks is also present.
folder renaming
In case your local and remote mailbox names or sub-folders structure differ,smd version 1.2.0 offers a translation functionality.
The configuration file must be changed, replacing MAILBOX
withMAILBOX_LOCAL
and MAILBOX_REMOTE
. Moreover two translatorprograms must be defined:
TRANSLATOR_RL
to translate remote names to local onesTRANSLATOR_LR
to translate local names to remote ones
To avoid common mistakes in writing translators, some recurrent renamingscenarios are handled by the smd-translate
utility. Please refer tosmd-translate
manpage. What following describeshow to write a translator by hand, that may be necessary is your translationschema is no supported by smd-translate
.
A translator is a program that receives in standard input one or morefolder names,and must print on standard output a corresponding folder nameon success, or prints the string ERROR
followed by a new lineand an optional following error message otherwise end exists returning 1.Note that the folder names will be complete of the MAILBOX_LOCAL
orMAILBOX_REMOTE
part and will always terminate with cur
, new
or tmp
.For example, consider the following configuration file:
When smd-pull
is called, remote_to_loc.sh
is called to translate nameslike Maildir/cur
or Maildir/.sub.folder/new
to local names likeMail/cur
or Mail/sub.folder/new
. An example of remote_to_loc.sh
could be:
Note the --unbuffered
: translators should not work in buffered mode.I.e. when given a line in input (terminated by n
) they must output aline without expecting any additional input.
Translating the way back is trickier, since the leading .
must beadded only to sub-folders:
Last, translators are executed as external programs, thus they must bepresent in your path (for example in ~/bin/
) and have the executablebit set (chmod +x
).
To check your setup you can run the smd-check-conf
utility.The test consists in listing local and remote mailboxes, callingthe translators, displaying the result to the user and checking forround trip (i.e. that the translators programs behave as inversefunctions on the current input).
You can also test your setup using the dry-run mode withsmd-push -d
and smd-pull -d
and examine their output.This anyway should be tried before the first pull/push, and thusmay take a long time depending on the size of your mailboxes.
To avoid common mistakes in writing translators, some recurrent renamingscenarios are handled by the smd-translate
utility.Assuming the MAILBOX_LOCAL
configuration variable is set to Mail
and the MAILBOX_REMOTE
is set to Maildir
,One can use the following configuration file snippet as a reference,where default must be repaced with the endpoint name:
excluding paths
In case some paths need to be skipped, they can be specified asspace separated glob(7) expressions in the following variable
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Note that these glob expressions have to match real paths, no translationoperation is applied to them, so it may be necessary to specify differentexpressions for the local and remote endpoint. In that case the followingvariables can be used:
Matching is performed using fnmatch(3) with no special flags, thus '*
' and'?
' match any character including '/
'. Note that spaces in globexpressions must be replaced by %20
. For example, to exclude allpaths matching the expression 'Mail/delayed [1-5] days/*
' the variableEXCLUDE must be set to 'Mail/delayed%20[1-5]%20days/*
'.Last, matching is performed every time a directory is entered, and ifthe matching succeeds the derectory and all its subdirectories are skipped.Thus there is no need to specify a trailing '/*
' in every expression.
local synchronization
If the remote and local mailboxes are on the same filesystem, one hasto specify the -l
option to smd-client
. This option can be specifiedadding to the configuration file SMDCLIENTOPTS=-l
and setSERVERNAME=localhost
.
avoid deletions
In some cases, usually unidirectional synchronizations, one may wantto not propagate deletions. E.g. one keeps a slim working mailbox butpushes to a backup mailbox to save every email. For that scenariosmd-pull and smd-push accept a -n, --no-delete, option.To avoid specifying this option every time one can put it in theconfiguration file:
7 Vien Ngoc Rong 2.9
migration from offlineimap
Migrating from offlineimap may require an extra step, since the local andremote mailboxes may not only differ in their names and sub folders, but alsoin the names of the single mail messages. Indeed offlineimap encodes somemetadata in the file names local to the client. The smd-translate
utilitytranslates only folder names and not messages names.
To uniform the names used on the client to the ones used on the server you cando as follows:
Remove
X-OfflineIMAP
from every mail that contains it.Often the same email has that extra header line on the server but not onthe client. The script inmisc/strip-header
can be used to stripthat header on a given folder, for example with:Run the
smd-uniform-names
utility.This utility has to be run before the first synchronization, but after smdis configured andsmd-check-conf
has reported no errors.smd-uniform-names
does not modify the mailbox, but instead it generates ashell script that you can run to perform the renaming.
2.9 Game
Syncmaildir is part of the Debian archive. If you are running Debian or one ofits derivatives, you can install the syncmaildir
and syncmaildir-applet
packages with your favourite package manager.
If you want to install it from source you need a C compiler, the developmentfiles for GLib, GNU make and sed. For smd-applet
you also need the Valacompiler, libgee, GTK+ 3, libnotify and dbus-glib. You may also want tocustomize few variables in the Makefile
. Then typing make && make install
should be enough to have syncmaildir installed. Some known platforms aresupported by templates defined at the end of Makefile
, for example you maywant to run make osx/text/all && make osx/text/install
to properly build andinstall text mode only syncmaildir utilities on an MacOSX platform.
Runtime dependencies are: ssh
, xdelta3
, lua5.1
and bash
.
The design of the software is detailed in the design document.If you are interested in hacking smd
, it may be helpful.
The software can be download from the Source Forgedownload page
The software is distributed as-is, with no warranties, so if your mailboxis irremediably lost due to Sync Mail Dir, you will get nothing back, butyou can complain with me, of course. If you find the software useful,an happy-user report is also welcome.